Stormberg Gr
Type Locality and Naming
Main Karoo Basin (SE), Main Karoo Basin (Eastern/Northern Forebulge), Waterberg Basin, Huab Basin, Kalahari Basin (SW), Kalahari Basin (Central), Kalahari Basin (NE), Mid-Zambezi Basin, Cabora-Bassa Basin, Springbok Flats Basin, Ellisras Basin, Tshipise Basin, Tuli Basin, Save Basin, Morondava Basin (Madagascar), Metangula Basin (Mozambique), Luangwa Basin (Zambia), Congo Basin (Lukuga-DR Congo)
Synonym:
Lithology and Thickness
In the type-area of the Main Karoo Basin, the Stormberg Gr is formally subdivided into three distinct formations: Molteno Fm, Elliot Fm, and Clarens Fm. Overall,the group is dominated by coarse siliciclastics (sandstones and conglomerates) and mudstones, culminating in massive wind-blown sand deposits.
Relationships and Distribution
Lower contact
It unconformably or conformably overlies the Beaufort Gr (or a Middle Triassic hiatus)
Upper contact
It is capped by the Drakensberg basaltic lavas.
Regional extent
Because the Karoo basins became increasingly fragmented and influenced by local rifting during the Late Triassic, the Stormberg Group takes on various local names across south-central Africa. Western & Namibian Basins - Waterberg Basin: Represented by the Etjo Fm, consisting of aeolian sandstones equivalent to the Clarens Fm. Huab Basin: Represented by the Twyfelfontein Fm (extending into the Early Cretaceous). Kalahari Basins (Botswana) - SW Kalahari: Dondong Fm (fluvial) and Nkalatlou Fm (aeolian). Central/NE Kalahari: Mosolotsane Fm (fluvial sandstones/mudstones) and Ntane Fm (aeolian sandstones). Limpopo Area (Northern South Africa) - Springbok Flats: Irrigasie Fm (spanning Beaufort/Stormberg) and Clarens Fm. Tshipise / Tuli Basins: Klopperfontein, Bosbokpoort, and Red Rocks/Tshipsie members transitioning into the massive Clarens aeolian sandstones. Zambezi & Cabora-Bassa Basins (Zimbabwe/Zambia/Mozambique) - Mid-Zambezi: Initiates with the coarse Escarpment Grit (Early Triassic tectonic pulse), followed by the Ripple Marked Flagstone and culminating in the aeolian Forest Sandstone Formation. Cabora-Bassa: Angwa Sandstone, Pebbly Arkose, and Forest Sandstone. East-Central Africa Extensional Basins- Luangwa (Zambia): Escarpment Grit, Ntawere Fm, and the Red Marl / Upper Grit units. Metangula (Mozambique): Tende Fm and Lipirichi Fm. Morondava (Madagascar): The entire Isalo Gr (Late Triassic to Jurassic coarse sandstones and conglomerates) represents the Stormberg equivalent as Madagascar began to separate from Africa. Congo Basin (DRC): Referred to simply as the "Red Sandstone" unit (Late Triassic fluviatile deposits). Ruhuhu Basin (Tanzania): Absent. The Karoo succession in the Ruhuhu Basin terminates in the Middle Triassic with the Beaufort-equivalent Manda Beds; Stormberg equivalents were either never deposited or entirely eroded.
GeoJSON
Fossils
Age
Depositional setting
Additional Information